Cross-cultural adaptation and exploratory factor analysis of the Person-centred Practice Inventory - Staff (PCPI-S) questionnaire among Malaysian primary healthcare providers

Abstract Background The Person-centred Practice Inventory-Staff (PCPI-S) instrument was developed to measure healthcare providers’ perception towards their person-centred practice. study aimed explore the influence of culture, context, language and local practice PCPI-S adaptation process for use among public primary care providers in Malaysia. Methods original reviewed adapted cultural suitability by an expert committee ensure conceptual item equivalence. subsequently translated into Malay using forward-backward translation two independent native speakers, modified following pre-tests involving cognitive debriefing interviews. psychometric properties corresponding were determined assessing internal consistency, test-retest reliability, correlation instrument, while underlying structure analysed exploratory factor analysis. Results Review found items applicable context. Pre-tests on multiple domains questions misinterpreted. Many translations heavily influenced discrepancies. subsequent pilot mean scores all ranged from 2.92 4.39. Notable ceiling effects found. Internal consistency high (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.9). Exploratory analysis formation 11 components as opposed 17 constructs. Conclusion results this provide evidence regarding reliability with regard Culture, well interpretation should be given emphasis when translating